Special Needs Defined: A Glossary for Catholic School Families
When families first begin exploring special education options, the terminology can be overwhelming. What’s the difference between an IEP and a 504 Plan? What does “mainstreaming” mean? And how do these terms apply in a Catholic school setting?
At Morning Star Catholic School, we believe that clarity builds confidence. This glossary is designed to help families understand key terms they may hear when discussing their child’s education. Whether you're just beginning this journey or have been navigating special education for years, we hope this guide brings insight and peace.
Common Terms in Special Education
1. Special Needs
A broad term referring to children who require additional support due to physical, developmental, emotional, or learning challenges.
2. Learning Disability
A neurologically-based processing issue that affects reading, writing, math, or organization (e.g., dyslexia, dyscalculia).
3. Intellectual Disability
A condition characterized by below-average intellectual functioning and limitations in adaptive behavior (e.g., problem-solving, communication).
4. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
A developmental condition that affects communication, social skills, and behavior, with a wide range of abilities and support needs.
5. Down Syndrome
A genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome 21, often associated with developmental delays and unique learning profiles.
6. IEP (Individualized Education Plan)
A legal document that outlines personalized learning goals, accommodations, and services for students with disabilities.
7. 504 Plan
A formal plan under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act that provides accommodations for students with disabilities who do not qualify for an IEP.
8. ACCESS Standards
Florida’s alternate academic standards designed for students with significant cognitive disabilities, focusing on functional and academic skills.
9. Inclusion
An educational approach that allows students with disabilities to learn alongside typically developing peers with appropriate support.
10. Mainstreaming
Placing students with disabilities in general education classrooms for some or all of the school day.
11. Life Skills
Everyday abilities such as cooking, cleaning, money management, and communication that help students become more independent.
12. Transition Lab
A hands-on learning space where students prepare for adult life through job training, self-care, and real-world practice.
13. Occupational Therapy (OT)
Supports students in developing fine motor skills, daily living tasks, and sensory integration.
14. Physical Therapy (PT)
Focuses on improving gross motor skills, mobility, balance, and coordination.
15. Speech Therapy
Addresses challenges with articulation, language development, communication, and social language.
16. Behavioral Support
Strategies and interventions that help students manage behavior and build emotional regulation.
17. Adaptive Religion
Faith instruction tailored to the developmental level and learning style of students with disabilities.
How This Applies at Morning Star
At Morning Star Catholic School, these terms aren’t just buzzwords—they reflect how we serve our students every day. With faith at the center, we:
Provide IEP-driven instruction and therapies
Use ACCESS standards for academic growth
Emphasize inclusion, life skills, and vocational readiness
Teach adaptive religion rooted in Catholic values
Our goal is to help families feel informed, welcomed, and empowered as they walk this journey with their child.
Need Help Understanding Your Child’s Needs?
You don’t have to navigate special education alone. We’re here to guide you with compassion, expertise, and prayer.
Schedule a tour today to learn more about how Morning Star Catholic School supports children with special needs in a faith-filled environment.